An L-Stable Sequential Two-Stage Fourth-Order Method with ADER Trajectory Derivatives for Stiff Transport--Relaxation Systems

Abstract

A fully implicit two-stage fourth-order two-derivative time discretization was introduced previously as a temporal method. This paper closes that sequential integrator for stiff transport--relaxation equations by pairing a conservative finite-volume residual $\mathcal L_h$ with its discrete trajectory derivative $\mathcal G_h^{\rm tr}=D\mathcal L_h\,\mathcal L_h$. An ADER/Cauchy--Kowalevski predictor provides interface states and physical time derivatives; differentiating the same numerical flux and taking shared face differences yields a conservative approximation $\widetilde{\mathcal G}_h$. For linear constant-coefficient balance laws, $\widetilde{\mathcal G}_h=\mathcal G_h^{\rm tr}=\mathcal L_h^2$ exactly, although the derivative operator is assembled independently rather than by squaring the residual matrix. For nonlinear discretizations, the fourth-order temporal theory applies to $\mathcal G_h^{\rm tr}$, while a trajectory-closure consistency estimate controls the ADER approximation. The two unknown stage vectors are solved successively through two $N$-unknown systems. The completed step is fourth order and L-stable; the parameter $C_q=5/183$ cancels the leading inverse-power term and changes the deep-stiff amplification from $O(|z|^{-1})$ to $O(|z|^{-2})$. For fixed compatible spatial spaces, a slow--fast decomposition proves a full-step asymptotic-preserving operator limit with an $O(δ)$ estimate and gives a preparation-dependent uniform-accuracy classification. Linear finite-volume, nonlinear relaxation, one- and two-dimensional damping, diffusion-limit, and modal experiments verify the corresponding closure, accuracy, stability, and singular-limit claims within their stated scopes.