Iwasawa invariants and exceptional pairs of certain abelian fields

Abstract

Let $p$ be an odd prime number and $ζ_p$ a primitive $p$-th root of unity. By computing special arithmetic elements modulo prime ideals, we have investigated the Iwasawa invariants and exceptional pairs $(p,χω_p^k)$ of $\mathbf{Q}(\sqrt{d},ζ_p)$. Here $χ$ denotes the Dirichlet character associated to $\mathbf{Q}(\sqrt{d})$, and $ω_p$ the Teichmüller character at $p$. First, we determine $\varLambda$-isomorphism classes of Iwasawa modules, and describe structural differences between exceptional and non-exceptional pairs in terms of unramified extensions outside $p$. Next, we report 15 new exceptional pairs in the range $|d|<200$ (resp.~$|d|<10$) and $p <2,\!000,\!000$ (resp.~$p <30,\!000,\!000$), including $(p,k,d)=(28,\!679,\!999,\;2,\!284,\!521,-8)$ for which the $χω_p^{1-k}$-part of the Iwasawa $λ$-invariant is equal to two.