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arXiv · 2608.05866

The Berry--Esseen Estimate in the Free Central Limit Theorem

Makoto Maejima·Noriyoshi Sakuma
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Abstract

We consider sums of freely independent self-adjoint random variables that are not necessarily identically distributed. Let $μ_j$ denote the distribution of the $j$th summand. We assume that they have mean zero and finite absolute moments of order $2+δ$, where $0<δ\le 1$. Let $Δ$ denote the Kolmogorov distance, let $μ^{(n)}$ be the distribution of the normalized partial sum, let $ω$ be the standard semicircle law, and let $B_n^2$ be the variance of the partial sum. The purpose of this paper is to prove the Berry--Esseen estimate in the free central limit theorem. Namely, there exists an absolute constant $C>0$ such that, for every $0<δ\le 1$, \[ Δ(μ^{(n)},ω) \le \frac{C}{B_n^{2+δ}}\sum_{j=1}^n \int_{\R}|x|^{2+δ}\,μ_j(dx), \] Our result not only improves several known estimates for general non-identically distributed random variables, but also establishes exactly the same Berry--Esseen estimate as in classical probability theory. The proof combines truncation, a quantitative estimate for the $R$-transform, a stability analysis of a perturbed semicircle equation, and a Bai-type smoothing inequality.

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BibTeXRIS

Makoto Maejima, Noriyoshi Sakuma. 2026-08-06. The Berry--Esseen Estimate in the Free Central Limit Theorem. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.05866

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