Moisture Effects in Medium-Voltage Underground Distribution Systems: a perspective overview

Diana Enescu; Elena Otilia Virjoghe; Simone Vincenzo Suraci; Luigi Calcara; Radu Porumb; Lucia Rosso; Giulio Beltramino; Valentina Picco; Andrea Mazza

arXiv · 2608.06074

Moisture Effects in Medium-Voltage Underground Distribution Systems: a perspective overview

Diana Enescu·Elena Otilia Virjoghe·Simone Vincenzo Suraci·Luigi Calcara·Radu Porumb·Lucia Rosso·Giulio Beltramino·Valentina Picco·Andrea Mazza

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Abstract

The distribution system is becoming a fundamental part for enabling the energy transition. The fault causes may be several and of different nature, embracing a variety of specializations. This review aims at providing an integrated overview of moisture effects across underground Medium Voltage (MV) cable systems and their accessories. The study collects both literature contributions and practical experiences derived from distribution system operators and research projects on the topic. The findings highlight that the choice of the insulation material is fundamental for mitigating the various consequences of the moisture ingress, linked to chemical and physical processes, as well as mechanical, thermal, and electrical factors, all of which are analysed in detail in the paper. The paper examines the effects of moisture on different types of materials, both traditional and innovative, and discusses diagnostic techniques to detect moisture ingress from the surrounding environment as well as internally generated moisture. The path towards increasing MV distribution reliability, reducing outages, and support the energy transition with more robust distribution infrastructure, is hence achievable through improving moisture management across design, installation, monitoring, and maintenance.

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Diana Enescu, Elena Otilia Virjoghe, Simone Vincenzo Suraci, Luigi Calcara, Radu Porumb, Lucia Rosso, Giulio Beltramino, Valentina Picco, Andrea Mazza. 2026-08-06. Moisture Effects in Medium-Voltage Underground Distribution Systems: a perspective overview. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.06074

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