Core-Collapse Supernova detections from Einstein Telescope within the Milky Way

Abstract

Core-collapse supernovae are key drivers of galaxy evolution and promising sources of gravitational waves, which provide a unique probe of the physics driving their explosion mechanism. Third-generation detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope, will dramatically improve the prospects for detecting these signals. This study assesses the capability of the Einstein Telescope, alone and in synergy with next-generation detectors such as Cosmic Explorer, to detect gravitational waves from core-collapse supernovae. We estimate the detection horizons and expected event rates for sources in the Milky Way and nearby satellite galaxies. We employed the GWFish simulation framework, customized to include core-collapse supernovae waveform catalogs from state-of-the-art 3D simulations and stellar population data generated with TRILEGAL. This approach allows us to model gravitational waves detectability as a function of progenitor mass, source position and detector network configuration. Our analysis shows that the Einstein Telescope can detect gravitational waves from PNS-driven core-collapse supernovae up to distances ranging from ~20 to more than 100 kpc with a 90% confidence level, depending on the progenitor mass and waveform, while a combination of this detector in a network can extend the reach up to ~170 kpc in the most favorable cases. For a representative 15 M_sun progenitor, ET (in its 2L configuration) achieves a detection horizon of ~100 kpc, ensuring essentially complete coverage of the Milky Way and partial coverage of the Magellanic Clouds.