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arXiv · 2608.08762

A note on the partition function of a rectangle

Krystian Gajdzica·Maciej Zakarczemny
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Abstract

We investigate the asymptotic behavior of the rectangle partition functions $p(n,n)$ and $p(3,n)$. The function $p(n,n)$ counts partitions of the square $n\times n$ into rectangular blocks with integer sides, while $p(3,n)$ counts such partitions of the rectangle $3\times n$. Two rectangle partitions are identified when they contain the same multiset of rectangle types, and a block $a\times b$ is identified with a block $b\times a$. Our main results are $$ p(n,n) = \exp\left( \left(\tfracπ{\sqrt3}+o(1)\right)n\sqrt{\log n} \right) $$ and $$ p(3,n) = \exp\left( π\sqrt{\tfrac{11n}{3}}+O(\log n) \right). $$ We also present simpler upper and lower bounds for $p(n,n)$ and an independent upper bound for $p(3,n)$.

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Krystian Gajdzica, Maciej Zakarczemny. 2026-08-09. A note on the partition function of a rectangle. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.08762

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