Splitting fields and spectral invariants of character degree graphs in solvable groups

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the eigenvalues of character degree graphs, with particular emphasis on the arithmetic properties of their spectra. First, we study \((n-2)\)-regular character degree graphs of solvable groups and derive an explicit formula for their characteristic polynomials. We show that all their eigenvalues are rational and, consequently, that their splitting field is \(\mathbb{Q}\). We then consider supergraphs obtained by adding edges to these graphs and prove that the corresponding splitting field is a quadratic extension of \(\mathbb{Q}\). Next, using their structural decomposition, we examine a general class of Lewis graphs. For this class, we establish bounds on both the number of irrational eigenvalues and the degree of the associated splitting fields. Finally, we investigate prime character degree graphs of diameter \(3\), focusing on the arithmetic nature of their eigenvalues and the degree of their splitting fields.