Eigendecomposition of the Hessian of the Robin function in orthogonally invariant domains

Abstract

In this work we analyze the eigendecomposition of the Hessian matrix of the Robin function $\mathcal{R}(x)$ for the spectral fractional Laplacian in orthogonally invariant domains. We prove that, if $Ω$ a smooth bounded convex domain invariant under the action of an orthogonal transformation $\mathcal{O}$ then, for $\overline{t}\in\{a\inΩ:\mathcal{O}(a)=a\}$, the gradient vector $\nabla\mathcal{R}(\overline{t})$ is an eigenvector of the Jacobian $D\mathcal{O}$ associated to the eigenvalue $1$. Moreover, if $Ω$ is a domain invariant under the reflection about a hyperplane $π_{v}=\{x\in\mathbb{R}^N:x\cdot v=0\}$, there exists $η>0$ such that $\mathbb{H}(\overline{t})v=ηv$ where $\mathbb{H}$ denotes the Hessian matrix of $\mathcal{R}(x)$. Consequently, if $Ω$ is invariant under the reflection about the hyperplanes $π_{v_i}$ for a linearly independent set $\{v_1,\ldots,v_N\}$, then the origin is a non degenerate critical point of $\mathcal{R}(x)$. A short proof of the Brezis-Peletier-like formulas for $\nabla \mathcal{R}$ is also provided which allows us to prove the former results for any $0<s<1$.