Finite-Momentum Kinetic Corrections to Viscous Tensor Perturbations in an Expanding Universe

Nishil Savla; Gurudatt Gaur

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arXiv · 2608.19755

Finite-Momentum Kinetic Corrections to Viscous Tensor Perturbations in an Expanding Universe

Nishil Savla·Gurudatt Gaur

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Abstract

We study tensor perturbations propagating through a viscous relativistic medium in a spatially flat FLRW universe, with particular emphasis on the correction produced by spatial free streaming beyond a local causal relaxation model. We start from the relaxation-time Boltzmann equation used by Baym, Patil, and Pethick to describe the response of matter to a gravitational wave. In the zero-streaming limit, the tensor stress obeys a Maxwell-Cattaneo, or linear Muller-Israel-Stewart, relation. We then retain the spatial streaming term and evaluate the resulting angular response analytically for an ultrarelativistic isotropic medium. The resulting kinetic response is coupled to the tensor Einstein equation and solved numerically in a flat matter-plus-Lambda background, with comparison to the local MIS propagation model and an independent kinetic WKB calculation. For the illustrative normalization considered, the full numerical calculation produces a nonmonotonic correction to the tensor power transfer function, with a maximum of about 0.8 percent near x equal to 0.37 and a minimum of about minus 5.6 percent near x equal to 1.97. These features are stable under angular-resolution and ODE-tolerance tests and are reproduced by the kinetic WKB calculation. We also find a corresponding finite-momentum phase correction. The effect is a property of the specified single-relaxation-time kinetic model and should not be interpreted as a universal transport law.

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Nishil Savla, Gurudatt Gaur. 2026-08-20. Finite-Momentum Kinetic Corrections to Viscous Tensor Perturbations in an Expanding Universe. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.19755

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