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arXiv · 2608.24143

Invariant pointwise closed subspaces of Lipschitz spaces and their preduals

Michal Doucha
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Abstract

Motivated by both the research on Lipschitz-free spaces and on Lipschitz harmonic functions on graphs, we study invariant pointwise closed subspaces of spaces of Lipschitz functions over graphs, with special emphasis on finitely generated groups as graphs. Such spaces form a natural class of $\text{weak}^*$-closed subspaces, that can be fully described in some cases, and hence have canonical quotient preduals of the corresponding Lipschitz-free spaces. We show that these spaces are described by finite local constraints; in the group case as Lipschitz solutions of systems of convolution equations. We describe and characterize their preduals via a universal property and show that whenever they contain a non-zero element with a $c_0$-gradient, then they contain $\ell_\infty$, and consequently their preduals contain a complemented copy of $\ell_1$. A guiding question is whether this class of Lipschitz spaces and their preduals contains an infinite-dimensional reflexive Banach space. In this regard, the main result of the paper is the following dichotomy proved using abstract harmonic analysis. Every translation-invariant pointwise closed subspace of the Lipschitz space over $\mathbb{Z}^d$ is either finite-dimensional or it is non-separable --in particular, the corresponding predual is either finite-dimensional or non-reflexive.

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Michal Doucha. 2026-08-25. Invariant pointwise closed subspaces of Lipschitz spaces and their preduals. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.24143

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