Effect of Thermal Broadening on Light Hadron Production in Heavy-Ion Collisions

Abstract

The measured hadron yields in heavy-ion collisions are well described by thermal particle production at temperatures close to the QCD pseudo-critical transition. However, if particles are produced in thermal equilibrium, then the in-medium effects, e.g., broadening of their spectral functions, must be taken into account. In this work, we study for the first time the effect of the thermal broadening of the light vector-meson spectral functions on light hadron production in heavy-ion collisions. We generalize the efficient resonance decay framework FastReso to resonances with finite-width spectral functions. We then compute the pion, kaon and proton spectra from the decays of hadron resonances for in-medium and vacuum spectral functions. We perform a simultaneous blast-wave fit with decay feed-down to measured particle spectra in central Pb-Pb and Xe-Xe collisions at the LHC. We find an increase in pion spectra at low momenta, from including thermally broadened $ρ$ and $ω$ mesons. Additional pion yield from finite-resonance widths reduces the commonly observed discrepancy between models and data, but does not completely resolve the soft pion puzzle in heavy-ion collisions.