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arXiv · 2608.31056

The toughness of random graphs

Guang Li·Wenqian Zhang
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Abstract

For a connected and non-complete graph $G$ of order $n$, its toughness is defined as \[ τ(G)=\min\bigl\{|S|/c(G-S):S\subseteq V(G),\ c(G-S)>1\bigr\}, \] where $c(G-S)$ denotes the number of components of $G-S$. Let $α(G)$ denote the independence number of $G$. An elementary bound on toughness is $$τ(G)\leq\frac{n-α(G)}{α(G)}.$$ Fix $p\in(0,1)$, and let $G(n,p)$ be the binomial random graph on vertex set $[n]$. Set $a=α(G(n,p))$. In this paper, we mainly prove that \[ τ(G(n,p))\in\left\{\frac{n-a}{a},\frac{n-a-1}{a}\right\} \] with high probability.

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Guang Li, Wenqian Zhang. 2026-09-05. The toughness of random graphs. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.31056

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