Proposing GRENDEL: GalleRy ExperimeNt for Decays of Exotic LLPs at the LHC

Abstract

Long-lived particles are a generic prediction of Standard Model extensions that address the hierarchy problem, the origin of neutrino masses, the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, and the nature of dark matter. Despite the breadth of theoretical motivation, neutral long-lived particles in the GeV-scale mass range remain difficult to probe at the LHC main detectors, where trigger limitations and challenging backgrounds curtail sensitivity over a wide range of lifetimes. We propose GRENDEL (GalleRy ExperimeNt for Decays of Exotic LLPs), a dedicated detector to be installed in the PX56 drainage gallery at CMS Point 5. GRENDEL will exploit the substantial rock and concrete between the detector and LHC interaction point as passive shielding in addition to employing active background rejection. Located approximately 22 m above the interaction point and running largely transverse to the beam, GRENDEL will span around 110 m and cover the central region $|η| < 0.6$. GRENDEL will make use of extruded scintillator bars to achieve competitive sensitivity with other proposed detectors while requiring minimal infrastructure, and without the need for civil engineering. We present the physics case, detector concept, and projected sensitivities to heavy neutral leptons, dark scalars, and axion-like particles covering the $0.2-15$ GeV mass range with 3 $\mathrm{ab}^{-1}$ of HL-LHC data. The benchmarks span the neutrino, scalar, and axion portals, with production through exotic Higgs decays, $B$- and $D$-meson decays, and $W/Z$ decays.