TDCOSMO XXVIII. The Hubble constant from the quadruply lensed quasar J1537$-$3010 with precise time delays

A. Galan; A. G. Schweinfurth; S. H. Suyu; D. P. Johnson; A. Chawla; D. Sluse; G. V. Kharchilava; E. Buckley-Geer; H. Lin; S. Knabel; W. Sheu; S. Ertl; T. Anguita; S. Birrer; F. Courbin; F. Dux; M. Millon; V. Motta; S. Schuldt; T. Treu; D. M. Williams; M. Cappellari; K. C. Wong; D. Eckert

arXiv · 2609.00179

TDCOSMO XXVIII. The Hubble constant from the quadruply lensed quasar J1537$-$3010 with precise time delays

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Abstract

We present the first measurement of the Hubble constant ($H_0$) from the quadruply-lensed quasar J1537$-$3010, which has optically-measured time delays at $\sim2 \%$ precision. We combine these delays with multi-band imaging data from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and model the system with two independent software and teams. We adopt a mass profile that is maximally degenerate with $H_0$ to fully incorporate the mass-sheet degeneracy in the error budget, with nuisance parameters constrained by spatially resolved stellar kinematics from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) and a line-of-sight (LoS) analysis using the Euclid Flagship simulation. The entire analysis is performed blindly to $H_0$, distances and mass density slope of the main deflector. After unblinding, we measure $H_0 = 75.5^{+9.3}_{-5.8}\ {\rm km\,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}}$, corresponding to a $10\%$ precision measurement from a single system. This precision is driven by conservative lens modeling assumptions including differences between lens modeling methods and the limited stellar kinematics constraints, from which we infer a total mass-sheet parameter $λ\equiv(1-κ_{\rm ext})λ_{\rm int} = 0.89^{+0.11}_{-0.06}$ ($λ_{\rm int}=0.89^{+0.09}_{-0.07}$) that is consistent with current results for elliptical galaxies ($λ\approx 1$). Our lensing constraints, stellar kinematic measurements and LoS characterization will be included in subsequent population-level measurements of $H_0$. Moreover, our lens models combined with future near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging from the James Webb Space Telescope will further reduce the uncertainties on $H_0$ from J1537$-$3010 alone, bringing it closer to the few percents precision of the time delays.

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A. Galan, A. G. Schweinfurth, S. H. Suyu, D. P. Johnson, A. Chawla, D. Sluse, G. V. Kharchilava, E. Buckley-Geer, H. Lin, S. Knabel, W. Sheu, S. Ertl, T. Anguita, S. Birrer, F. Courbin, F. Dux, M. Millon, V. Motta, S. Schuldt, T. Treu, D. M. Williams, M. Cappellari, K. C. Wong, D. Eckert. 2026-08-31. TDCOSMO XXVIII. The Hubble constant from the quadruply lensed quasar J1537$-$3010 with precise time delays. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.00179

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