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arXiv · 2609.02154

WiP: Characterizing and Defending Against Mobile-Agent-Driven MFA Automation

Yimeng Liu·Hua Huang
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Abstract

Mobile agents automate smartphone tasks by interpreting interfaces, interacting with apps, and coordinating cross-app workflows. This capability challenges the human-mediated separation assumed by passcode-based MFA, creating factor collapse: valid authentication factors are combined within one autonomous environment. Our modular pipeline com- pletes all 10 authorized MFA workflows, compared with 3/10 and 6/10 for two single-agent baselines. We also de- velop a motion-based Android risk signal that distinguishes human- from agent-driven logins with 98.4% table-top and 92.6% hand-held accuracy across 116 pilot sessions. These results demonstrate factor collapse and motivate physical- interaction sensing as complementary evidence of user pres- ence.

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Yimeng Liu, Hua Huang. 2026-09-02. WiP: Characterizing and Defending Against Mobile-Agent-Driven MFA Automation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.02154

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