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arXiv · 2609.04624

A welded extension of 4-equivalence

Emmanuel Graff
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Abstract

We introduce a local move defining a welded extension of 4-equivalence. It induces the same quandle relations as 4-equivalence, giving a common algebraic framework for both the classical and welded settings. We also develop a version of arrow calculus adapted to this welded extension and apply it to the study of virtual tangles. This leads to a finite classification of algebraic virtual tangles without closed components under the resulting equivalence relation. As an application, we prove that the closure of any such tangle can be reduced to the unknot, giving a partial positive answer to a welded analogue of Nakanishi's conjecture.

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Emmanuel Graff. 2026-09-08. A welded extension of 4-equivalence. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.04624

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