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arXiv · 2609.05799

Dynamic Lagging using Stable-Prefix Training for Simultaneous Translation

Hieu Hoang·Amittai Axelrod·Matt Post
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Abstract

In streaming simultaneous speech translation, the speech translation system is trained to learn a read-write policy that alternates between consuming source words and generating target ones. In a cascaded setting, the output from the speech recognizer is passed to a separate machine translation component, making it more difficult to learn such a policy. Approximations such as fixed wait-k strategies or target-suffix deletion can be employed, but these approaches do not provide the model with a streaming system's flexibility to make contextual read-write decisions. This paper presents a training strategy for a cascaded machine translation system that enables it to dynamically decide how much of the growing source prefix to translate. We achieve this by fine-tuning a large language model (Qwen3-8B) on stable prefixes of the training data, which are produced by pairing every source sentence prefix in the training data with the longest translation of that prefix that is shared with the full source sentence translation. We fine-tune variants of the model on different subsets of the prefixes and compare against wait-k and target-suffix deletion. We also investigate the effect of fine-tuning the target-token generation confidence. Our experiments show that stable prefixes improve the quality-latency tradeoff when translating from English into German, Japanese, and Chinese across a range of test sets.

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Hieu Hoang, Amittai Axelrod, Matt Post. 2026-09-17. Dynamic Lagging using Stable-Prefix Training for Simultaneous Translation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05799

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