Joint Communication Sensing Beamforming and Uplink Power Control for Network-Assisted Full-Duplex Cell-Free ISAC Systems

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the problem of designing joint downlink (DL) communication beamformer and uplink (UL) power as well as sensing beamformer in a multi static integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) enabled cell free massive multiple input multiple output (CF mMIMO) system. To this goal, we first consider two priority based beamforming strategies. In the communication prioritized sensing design, we first design the communication beamformers and then the sensing beamformer is projected onto the nullspace of the effective communication channels to suppress its additional interference to both the DL UEs and UL receivers. In the sensing prioritized communication design, we select the sensing beamformer first according to the target direction, while the communication beamformers are subsequently optimized using a max min SINR formulation. In addition to these priority based designs, we formulate a sensing centric joint optimization problem to determine the optimal DL communication beamformers, sensing beamformer, and UL UE transmit powers. Our objective is to maximize the sensing SINR while guaranteeing individual DL and UL SINR requirements and satisfying the per AP and per UE transmitpower constraints. Since the resulting problem is non convex because of the coupled beamforming and UL power variables, the beamforming vectors are lifted into positive semidefinite transmit covariance matrices and semidefinite relaxation (SDR) is applied.