Frequency Domain Biot--Allard Equations for Isotropic and Anisotropic Poroelastic Media: Two-field formulations and iterative splitting

Abstract

We present a frequency-domain formulation of Biot's dynamic poroelastic equations with frequency-dependent dissipation (Biot--Allard) for anisotropic, heterogeneous media with memory effects. Two equivalent two-field representations--a displacement-pressure and a velocity-pressure-rate formulation--enable stabilized iterative splitting. While coupling operators generally lack an adjoint or skew-adjoint relationship at finite frequencies, the velocity--pressure-rate representation restores a skew-adjoint structure in the quasi-static limit. We prove continuity of the coupling operators and coercivity of the diagonal blocks, essential for convergence of the L-stabilized splitting scheme. The frequency-domain setting eliminates convolutional memory terms, incorporates attenuation and dispersion via complex-valued parameters, and reduces the time-dependent problem to a family of elliptic boundary-value problems suited for parallel computation and multi-frequency inversion. A conforming Galerkin finite element discretization preserves block structure, and numerical experiments confirm robustness and capture frequency-dependent attenuation. To illustrate discretization independence, we include a large-scale wave simulation using a pseudo-spectral method. This work provides a rigorous and efficient framework for modeling wave phenomena in complex porous media.