CEDD-optimizer: Enabling Cost-Efficient Dataset Distillation on Geographically Distributed Edge Systems

Abstract

Centralized learning is a fundamental paradigm in modern AI, in which data are collected from distributed edge devices and aggregated at a central host for model training. However, this pipeline is often bottlenecked by the substantial communication overhead of data collection. Dataset Distillation (DD), with its high compression ratio, is therefore attractive for centralized learning on distributed data. Yet, the cost efficiency of DD in non-uniform edge environments remains largely unexplored. Geographically distributed edge devices face different energy and data-transfer prices, while key DD hyperparameters, such as the target compression ratio and number of distillation steps, substantially affect energy use, transfer overhead, and downstream test accuracy. These hyperparameters must therefore be tuned both locally and globally. We propose the Cost-Efficient Dataset Distillation optimizer (CEDD-optimizer), a hyperparameter-tuning framework for cost-efficient distributed DD. It minimizes total cost under a training-quality constraint by optimizing hyperparameter settings across edge devices while accounting for environmental non-uniformity. The framework comprises two modules: CEDD-calibrator and CEDD-solver. CEDD-calibrator identifies parameters for our energy and training-quality models: the former is determined through offline calibration, whereas the latter is estimated online through a three-step tuning scheme. Based on these models, CEDD-solver solves the cost-minimization problem to steer and improve the distributed DD workflow. Experiments across various image datasets show that our approach achieves up to a 20.8 improvement over the baseline DD method under the same quality constraint.