Search arXivSearch

arXiv · 2609.12823

Continuous-Time Constrained Linear Quadratic Regulator for Switched Linear Systems

Abstract

Switched systems, characterized by a family of subsystems governed by a switching rule, widely apply to complex real-world scenarios. However, their inherent switching dynamics pose significant challenges in phase analysis and control design. To address these challenges, we propose a framework for solving the Continuous-Time Constrained Linear Quadratic Regulator (CT-CLQR) problem for switched linear systems. Our approach partitions the time horizon into a finite number of intervals, each associated with a specific system mode. The duration of these intervals is parameterized by the switching instants, enabling a reformulation of the problem. We indirectly optimize the switching sequence by fixing the switching sequence and optimizing the interval durations. We derive analytical expressions for the cost function and its gradient, which are critical for efficient optimization. Unlike state-of-the-art methods that impose equality constraints on state evolution, our approach inherently considers the state evolution in the cost function. This not only simplifies the problem formulation but also reduces computational overhead by precomputing shared terms offline, enhancing efficiency during online operations. The proposed method significantly advances existing techniques, offering improved computational efficiency and flexibility. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through comprehensive numerical examples, showcasing its potential for practical applications.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Pietro Gori, Michele Pierallini, Franco Angelini, Manolo Garabini. 2026-09-11. Continuous-Time Constrained Linear Quadratic Regulator for Switched Linear Systems. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nahs.2025.101625

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

Subpath-Based Column Generation for Electric Vehicle Routing Problems

Motivated by widespread electrification targets, this paper studies an Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Nonlinear Charging (EVRPTWNL) that jointly optimizes routing-scheduling decisions and charging decisions given vehicle capacities, time windows and battery capacities. We develop a column generation scheme with a subpath-based label-setting algorithm that decomposes the pricing problem into two phases: (i) generating subpaths between charging stations, and (ii) combining subpaths into paths while optimizing charging decisions in between. We formalize a domination framework to establish the convergence and exactness of the algorithm, and prove that the methodology can solve a range of EVRP variants (e.g., with vehicle capacities, time windows, and nonlinear charging) and relaxation-tightening strategies (e.g., ng-relaxations and subset-row cuts). Computational results show improvements over path-based benchmarks in both computational time and solution quality, especially when time windows become wider, when vehicles can perform multiple tasks on a single charge and when vehicles still need to recharge several times across the planning horizon. Ultimately, the methodology can scale to otherwise intractable instances with up to 100 customers, thereby enhancing fleet management capabilities across electrified logistics areas.

math.OC

Polynomial Scaling is Possible For Neural Operator Approximations of Structured Families of BSDEs

Neural operator (NO) architectures learn nonlinear maps between infinite-dimensional function spaces and are widely used to accelerate simulation and enable data-driven model discovery. While universality results ensure expressivity, they do not address \emph{complexity}: for broad operator classes described only through regularity (e.g.\ uniform continuity or $C^r$-regularity), information-theoretic lower bounds imply that minimax-optimal NO approximation rates scale \emph{exponentially} in the reciprocal accuracy $1/\varepsilon$. This has shifted the focus of NO theory toward identifying additional problem-specific structure, beyond regularity, under which suitably tailored NO architectures can leverage to unlock polynomial scaling in $1/\varepsilon$. We exhibit the first polynomial-scaling regime for NO approximations of solution operators in stochastic analysis; by identifying structured families of \emph{non-Markovian} BSDEs with randomized terminal condition parameterized by the Sobolev-regular terminal condition and by Sobolev-regular additive nonlinear perturbations of the generator. We prove that their solution operator can be approximated (uniformly over the family) by a tailored NO whose number of trainable parameters grows \emph{polynomially} in $1/\varepsilon$. We unlock this polynomial scaling regime by \emph{informing the NO's inductive bias} by factoring out the singular part of the associated semilinear elliptic PDE Green's function and by incorporating the Doléans--Dade exponential of the BSDE's common non-Markovian factor into the NO's decoding layers. As a byproduct, we extend polynomial-scaling guarantees from families of linear elliptic PDEs on regular domains to the semilinear setting.

math.OC

The Competive Spectral Radius of Families of Nonexpansive Mappings

We consider a new class of repeated zero-sum games in which the payoff is the escape rate of a switched dynamical system, where at every stage, the transition is given by a nonexpansive operator depending on the actions of both players. This generalizes to the two-player (and non-linear) case the notion of joint spectral radius of a family of matrices. We show that the value of this game does exist, and we characterize it in terms of an infinite dimensional non-linear eigenproblem. This provides a two-player analogue of Mañe's lemma from ergodic control. This also extends to the two-player case results of Kohlberg and Neyman (1981), Karlsson (2001), and Vigeral and the second author (2012), concerning the asymptotic behavior of nonexpansive mappings. We discuss two special cases of this game: order preserving and positively homogeneous self-maps of a cone equipped with Funk's and Thompson's metrics, and translations of a finite dimensional normed space.

math.OC