Retraction dynamics of polymer-laden droplets impacting a smooth solid surface

Abstract

Hypothesis: The presence of a polymer in a droplet plays a significant role in contact line dynamics following droplet impact onto a solid substrate. We hypothesize that the polymer concentration modifies the post-impact wetting behavior. Experiments: In our experiments, we visualize the contact line dynamics of polymer-laden droplets impacting onto a flat sapphire substrate. Using high-speed side and bottom-view imaging, we analyze droplet spreading and retraction over a broad range of Weber numbers (10-700) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) concentrations (0-400 ppm). To systematically characterize the contact line dynamics, we used image processing to quantify the maximum spreading factor, receding velocity, and receding contact angle. Findings: The effect of the polymer on the spreading phase is negligible, as the maximum spreading factor follows classical inertial-capillary scaling, showing that polymer addition produces no measurable change in the maximum spreading under the present conditions. In contrast, the receding phase exhibits a strong dependence on the polymer concentration: increasing the PEO content leads to a significant reduction in the receding velocity and dynamic contact angle, while the spreading dynamics remain water-like. These results are consistent with an additional resistance associated with the receding contact-line region, while the microscopic origin of this resistance remains unresolved. To capture this behavior, we propose a scaling model that relates the normalized retraction velocity to the receding contact angle and impact conditions. The model effectively collapses the experimental data across all investigated concentrations and Weber numbers.