An immune world model for multiscale forecasting and therapeutic hypothesis generation

Taoyong Cui; Xi Wang; Zonghang Li; Jinchao Ding; Lingsen You; Yuzhi Xu; Wanghan Xu; Fang Wu; Kejun Ying; Wanli Ouyang; Pheng Ann Heng; Ling Yang; Zhenfei Yin; Yingcheng Wu

arXiv · 2609.14709

An immune world model for multiscale forecasting and therapeutic hypothesis generation

Taoyong Cui·Xi Wang·Zonghang Li·Jinchao Ding·Lingsen You·Yuzhi Xu·Wanghan Xu·Fang Wu·Kejun Ying·Wanli Ouyang·Pheng Ann Heng·Ling Yang·Zhenfei Yin·Yingcheng Wu

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Abstract

Immune therapies act across cell-intrinsic programs, tissue ecosystems, and patient-specific immune states, yet most predictors address these scales separately. We used a governed evolutionary AI Scientist to construct the Immune World Model, an action-conditioned model that learns how interventions move immune states across cellular, tissue, and individual levels. The Immune World Model--building Scientist searched candidate architectures and workflows, and the resulting world model was frozen before independent confirmation. The frozen model generalized to unseen interventions and biological contexts, recovered intervention-specific cellular programs, integrated cell and tissue information to improve ecosystem and patient-response prediction, and forecast unseen perturbation combinations. Immune World Model--guided analysis then combined measured perturbations with cross-axis inference to nominate IL-36$γ$ plus SIRP$α$ inhibition as a complementary-axis therapeutic hypothesis, whereas a governed self-correction audit rejected every screened cytokine pair. The Immune World Model provides a framework for multiscale immune simulation that connects AI Scientist-driven model construction, intervention forecasting, and the generation of prospectively testable therapeutic hypotheses.

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Taoyong Cui, Xi Wang, Zonghang Li, Jinchao Ding, Lingsen You, Yuzhi Xu, Wanghan Xu, Fang Wu, Kejun Ying, Wanli Ouyang, Pheng Ann Heng, Ling Yang, Zhenfei Yin, Yingcheng Wu. 2026-09-13. An immune world model for multiscale forecasting and therapeutic hypothesis generation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.14709

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