Behavioral Fingerprinting and Navigation Prediction in Web Browsing

Ralph Elsaghbini; Omran Berjawi; Walid Fahs; Rida Khatoun

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arXiv · 2609.18273

Behavioral Fingerprinting and Navigation Prediction in Web Browsing

Ralph Elsaghbini·Omran Berjawi·Walid Fahs·Rida Khatoun

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Abstract

Web browsing often appears ephemeral: users visit a few websites, complete a task, and move on. However, even short fragments of browsing activity can contain rich and structured behavioral signals. In this work, we conduct a comparative empirical study of two complementary behavioral inference tasks: session-level user identification and next-domain prediction. Both tasks are derived from the same cleaned event stream and evaluated on large-scale anonymous browsing traces, with sessionization and splitting adapted to the temporal requirements of each task. For user identification, we evaluate classical and neural models operating on session-level behavioral and domain features. For next-domain prediction, we combine graph-based modeling with Large Language Models (LLMs). Experimental results show that short browsing sessions are highly identifiable, while future navigation actions are highly predictable from long-term interaction structure combined with recent behavioral context. Furthermore, LLM-derived semantic features yield only marginal gains over purely structural and sequential models, indicating that repeated interaction patterns remain the dominant predictive signal in the evaluated web-browsing setup. These findings highlight the extent to which interaction history substantially contributes to both user identifiability and navigation predictability in browsing traces.

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Ralph Elsaghbini, Omran Berjawi, Walid Fahs, Rida Khatoun. 2026-09-16. Behavioral Fingerprinting and Navigation Prediction in Web Browsing. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.18273

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