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arXiv · 2609.20226

Phase-Flag Access and No-Go Constraints on Quotient-Space Real Quantum Mechanics

Jeongho Bang·Kyoungho Cho·Kyunghyun Baek
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Abstract

Barrios Hita et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 240202 (2026)] proposed a quotient-space formulation of quantum mechanics over the real numbers and concluded that complex numbers are only a convenience. A preceding analysis [arXiv:2607.05865] showed that, when the construction is empirically equivalent to complex quantum mechanics, its real flag is protected by a hidden complex structure $\hat{J}$ and its composition rule is the balanced tensor product over that structure. Here we ask what would follow from the stronger operational reading that the flag is an accessible real degree of freedom. The answer is a direct clash with overlap-determinability (OD), introduced in [arXiv:2601.14638], and with standard no-go theorems. A readable or coherently controllable flag fixes a representative of each ray, and hence supplies precisely the phase convention that OD identifies as the missing resource for universal superposition of unknown states. Once promoted to a generic phase-access primitive, this resource enables probabilistic cloning of a linearly dependent set, steering-based signaling, and logarithmic-query unstructured search. Thus the quotient construction has a sharp follow-up interpretation: as a protected gauge representation it is standard complex quantum mechanics in real notation; as an accessible real theory it leaves the quantum operational framework.

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Jeongho Bang, Kyoungho Cho, Kyunghyun Baek. 2026-07-27. Phase-Flag Access and No-Go Constraints on Quotient-Space Real Quantum Mechanics. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.20226

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