AcousticDiffusion: Semantically Conditioned Audio-Guided Diffusion Policy for Search-and-Rescue Assistance

Abstract

Navigating toward human callers is an important capability for rescue robots operating where visual contact is degraded or occluded. We present AcousticDiffusion, a semantically conditioned, audio-guided diffusion policy for human-directed navigation. A frozen pretrained audio recognizer processes 10.24 s windows, with speech gating and distress-aware prioritization converting recognition outputs into source-level navigation roles. Microphone-array direction-of-arrival measurements are recursively integrated into a robot-centric Bayesian bird's-eye-view belief field. Ego-motion compensation aligns successive observations, progressively constraining source position while preserving bearing-induced range uncertainty. The semantic belief, recent acoustic observations, audio features, and robot state condition a diffusion model that generates waypoint trajectories. On a synthetic-navigation validation set using recorded audio, AcousticDiffusion achieves a mean end-point bearing error of 11.20 degrees, with 91.78% of trajectories aligned within 30 degrees of the caller. Distractor rejection ranges from 89.20% to 98.99%, and the policy favors a HELP-designated caller over a competing speaker in 91.07% of windows. Deployed online on a ZSL-1 quadruped without additional retraining, it achieves a mean bearing error of 64.9 degrees, compared with 98.2 degrees for A* and 90.4 degrees for RRT, with a mean planner compute time of 6.07 ms. Despite imperfect acoustic localization, the reported mean final source distance is reduced from 3.96 m for the classical planners using ODAS-derived (Open embedded Audition System) guidance to 2.48 m, a 37.4% improvement. These results demonstrate the framework's ability to translate uncertain acoustic observations into closer approaches to human callers.