Affine and Lattice Structures in Regular $\mathbb{N}$-Graded Vertex Operator Algebras with Gorenstein $V_0$

Abstract

We study regular $\mathbb{N}$-graded vertex operator algebras $V=\bigoplus_{n\geq 0}V_n$ whose weight-zero algebra $V_0$ is a nontrivial finite-dimensional local Gorenstein algebra, asking which structural features of strongly rational vertex operator algebras persist without the CFT-type condition $V_0=\mathbb{C}{\bf 1}$. For semisimple Lie subalgebras of the left Leibniz algebra $V_1$, assuming $\ker\left(\left.L(-1)\right|_{V_0}\right)=\mathbb{C}\mathbf{1}$, the product $u_1v$ induces an invariant symmetric bilinear form. Under $C_2$-cofiniteness and a nondegeneracy condition, each simple component with nonzero form generates an affine vertex operator algebra at positive integral level and acts integrably on $V$. When $V_1$ is solvable, the Frobenius structure of $V_0$ yields a distinguished nondegenerate subspace $M\subset V_1$. Under a quasi-primary condition, $M$ is abelian and generates a Heisenberg vertex operator algebra. With additional semisimplicity, full-rank integrality, and cocycle compatibility assumptions, $V$ contains a conformally embedded lattice vertex operator algebra $V_K$, where $K$ is positive-definite and even, with rank $\dim_{\mathbb{C}}M$ and minimum norm at least $4$. Conformally shifted lattice vertex operator algebras provide explicit models illustrating the distinction among weight-one Lie, mode-generated Lie, and lattice structures. They also show that regularity alone does not ensure semisimplicity of arbitrary Heisenberg zero-mode actions, so the additional lattice-theorem hypotheses represent genuine structural obstructions.