Scalable Multiple Electron Transport Architectures for Feedback Traceable Current Sources

Abstract

We present a scalable electron-counting current cell based on a floating gate architecture operated as a Multiple Electron Transport device (MET). The system enables controlled injection, transport, and precise quantification of discrete charge packets using the sensor non-destructive multiple readout capability. We repurposed the charge-injection technique, jointly with the electron-resolution capability, for a controlled generation of quantized charge packets for an electron-traceable current source. Scalable architectures based on parallel and series multi-amplifier configurations are explored. Experimental results confirm noise reduction following the square root of the number of independent measurements and demonstrate stable, programmable output current. This approach provides a compact and scalable platform for electron-counting current sources and precision quantum metrology applications.