From 3-crossed modules to Gray-type 4-categories

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the relation between the category of 3-crossed modules and the category of Gray-type 4-groups. The notion of a 3-crossed module was first introduced by Arvasi \textit{et al.}, motivated by the question of what kind of algebraic structure completely encodes a homotopy 4-type. On the other hand, from the point of view that higher groups are equivalent to algebraic realizations of higher categories -- as exemplified by the relationship between 2-crossed modules and Gray 3-groups established by Sarikaya--Ulualan -- it had not been clear how the 3-crossed modules of Arvasi \textit{et al.} relate to any higher category. In our previous paper, we proposed a new definition of a 3-crossed module and observed that it admits a natural interpretation in terms of higher categories. In this paper, we make this interpretation precise: we introduce a 4-category, which reduces to a semistrict braided monoidal 2-category when restricted to a single object and a single 1-morphism, and prove that the category of our 3-crossed modules is equivalent to the category of Gray 4-groups, defined as single-object versions of this 4-category in which all morphisms are invertible. We therefore expect that these structures can correctly capture the topological nature of surface knots and higher-dimensional manifolds.