HyperCLIP++: Fine-tuning CLIP forOpen-vocabulary Semantic Segmentation in Hyperbolic Space

Abstract

CLIP, a foundational vision-language model, has emerged as a powerful tool for open-vocabulary semantic segmentation. While freezing CLIP's text encoder is known to preserve its generalization capability, recent studies show that fine-tuning both CLIP's text and image encoders jointly significantly enhances segmentation performance, especially for classes from open sets. In this work, we explain this phenomenon from the perspective of hierarchy alignment, since during fine-tuning, the hierarchical level of image embeddings shifts from image-level to pixel-level. We achieve this by leveraging hyperbolic space, which naturally encodes hierarchical structures. Our key observation is that, during fine-tuning, the hyperbolic radius of CLIP's text embeddings decreases, facilitating better alignment with the pixel-level granularity of visual data. Building on this, we propose HyperCLIP++, a novel and parameter-efficient adaptation strategy. HyperCLIP++ directly adjusts the hyperbolic radius of CLIP's embeddings via scaling transformations to achieve a hierarchy alignment to the target task, i.e., segmentation. To ensure this hierarchy alignment is effected consistently across both modalities and preserves their cross-modal alignment during training, HyperCLIP++ integrates a Dual Cross-Relation Communication (DCRC) module that synchronizes these adjustments between the vision and text pathways. Our experiments show that HyperCLIP++ achieves state-of-the-art performance across three benchmarks while fine-tuning only approximately 5% of CLIP's total parameters. More importantly, we observe that after adjustment, CLIP's text embeddings exhibit a relatively fixed hyperbolic radius across datasets, suggesting that the hierarchical level required for this segmentation task might be quantified using the hyperbolic radius.