Beyond Uniform Subspaces: Spectrum-Aware and Depth-Adaptive Fusion for Multi-Task Model Merging

Ruxi Gu; Zilei Wang; Wei Wang

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arXiv · 2609.24612

Beyond Uniform Subspaces: Spectrum-Aware and Depth-Adaptive Fusion for Multi-Task Model Merging

Ruxi Gu·Zilei Wang·Wei Wang

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Abstract

Model merging aims to consolidate multiple task-specific models without access to extra training process. However, existing subspace-based methods largely rely on a uniform treatment of task updates, overlooking their intrinsic spectral and depth-wise heterogeneity. We identify two key deviations from this assumption: different tasks require different subspace capacity and exhibit different tolerance to spectral transformation, while subspace projection introduces depth-dependent distortion. Based on these observations, we propose SADA-Merging, a spectrum-aware and depth-adaptive framework for data-free model merging. SADA-Merging allocates task-specific subspace capacity according to spectral complexity, adapts spectral preservation according to task-wise plasticity, and applies depth-dependent anchoring to compensate for projection-induced distortion. This enables the fusion process to adapt to both the intrinsic geometry of each task and its sensitivity across network depth. SADA-Merging operates directly on task updates and is applicable to both full fine-tuning and LoRA settings. Extensive experiments demonstrate consistent improvements over existing data-free merging methods across different task scales and adaptation settings.

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Ruxi Gu, Zilei Wang, Wei Wang. 2026-09-21. Beyond Uniform Subspaces: Spectrum-Aware and Depth-Adaptive Fusion for Multi-Task Model Merging. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24612

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