Gravity-Informed Neural Networks for Post-Newtonian Binary Dynamics

Abstract

We introduce a gravity-informed neural-network (GravINNs) framework for learning post-Newtonian binary orbital dynamics. The method incorporates the equations of motion directly into the training phase and is developed at three complementary levels. First, we construct single-orbit surrogates for conservative post-Newtonian dynamics and assess their accuracy across different orbital configurations. We then extend the approach to a parametric model spanning a four-dimensional parameter space defined by the initial separation, radial and tangential momenta, and symmetric mass ratio, allowing a single trained network to represent entire families of orbits and replace repeated numerical integrations. Finally, we consider dissipative dynamics by including the leading radiation-reaction contribution at $2.5$PN order. In this regime, the network accurately reproduces both the orbital evolution and the associated secular energy loss without using dissipative reference trajectories in the training. These results show that physics-informed neural-networks (PINNs) can provide accurate and flexible representations of both conservative and dissipative post-Newtonian dynamics. The complete implementation and the models used in this work are publicly available through the \texttt{GravINNs} repository.