Can Vision-Language Models Analyze Human-Centered Video? Mapping Model Capabilities and Human-AI Collaborative Workflows

Abstract

Video provides a rich record of human behavior, interaction, and situated contexts, offering important evidence for understanding people and conducting human-centered research. As vision-language models (VLMs) become increasingly capable of analyzing video, they offer opportunities to automate this traditionally human-intensive process. Yet a central question remains: when can VLMs analyze human-centered video independently, and when does reliable analysis still require human involvement? To address this question, we first characterize video analysis practices in human-centered research. We systematically analyze all 1,702 CHI 2026 full papers and identify 125 that annotate videos. Through iterative coding, we derive a five-dimensional taxonomy spanning analytic purpose, viewpoint, phenomenon, reasoning requirement, and annotation authority. Grounded in recurring annotation tasks captured by this taxonomy, we construct a benchmark of 15 representative tasks from open datasets to map the capabilities and limitations of a general-purpose VLM. We examine the division of labor between humans and VLMs by comparing three annotation workflows: VLM alone, human alone, and human verification of VLM outputs. Across tasks, VLM-alone annotation approaches human accuracy on average (HNS = 97.0, where 100 denotes human-alone performance), demonstrating substantial potential to automate human-centered video analysis. Human verification achieves the highest accuracy (HNS = 121.5) while reducing human annotation time by 48.9% and monetary cost by 31.3%-44.5% relative to human-alone annotation. Our findings connect real-world human-centered video analysis tasks and current VLM capabilities, and clarify how human-AI collaboration can make VLM-assisted analysis reliable and efficient.