Neumann eigenvalues of isosceles triangles: monotonicity and asymptotics

Abstract

We prove Laugesen and Siudeja's conjecture on Neumann eigenvalues of isosceles triangles. After multiplication by the squared diameter, the first positive symmetric eigenvalue increases strictly with the apex angle $θ$, while the first antisymmetric eigenvalue decreases strictly up to the equilateral triangle and increases strictly thereafter. \rev{The proof combines a slice-average estimate of directional energies with the explicit equilateral eigenfunction.} A quadratic correction across slices also gives a two-term expansion for every fixed positive spectral index $k$ as $θ\downarrow0$, with relative correction $θ^2/6$ and remainder $O_k(θ^4)$.