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arXiv · 2609.29003

A Possible Complication of Using the 4.14 μm band to Assess D/H Ratios on Icy Bodies

Mark J. Loeffler·Rebecca A. Carmack·Stephen C. Tegler
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Abstract

Determining isotopic ratios on the surfaces of extraterrestrial objects can provide insight into their formation conditions and evolution. Recently, remote-sensing detections of the 4.14 μm HDO absorption band have enabled astronomers to estimate the D/H ratio on several icy objects in the outer solar system. Here, we quantify how ice phase and radiation processing affect the 4.14 μm absorption band. While the band is visible in H2O-ice samples with a crystalline component, we cannot detect it in amorphous H2O-ice. Furthermore, we find that radiation processing, using 10 keV electrons as a proxy, quickly makes this absorption feature undetectable at a rate consistent with the amorphization of an initially crystalline sample. Interestingly, we also find that recrystallizing the irradiated sample causes this band to reappear nearly to its original band depth. For the Saturnian satellite Mimas, we estimate that the HDO feature will decrease by a factor of two within ~1 x 10^4 yrs at typical depths probed by remote sensing spectroscopy. While we suspect that existing methods could still determine the D/H ratio from a surface composed entirely of crystalline H2O-ice, deriving it for surfaces with a significant amorphous fraction may lead to severe underestimation of the true D/H ratio. However, given the direct correlation between the amorphous fraction of the sample and the HDO band depth, we propose that one could still estimate the D/H ratio of a surface with mixed phases by determining the crystalline fraction of the surface H2O-ice using other absorption features.

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Mark J. Loeffler, Rebecca A. Carmack, Stephen C. Tegler. 2026-09-24. A Possible Complication of Using the 4.14 μm band to Assess D/H Ratios on Icy Bodies. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.29003

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