Dynamic Metasurface Antennas: From Programmable Microwave Hardware to Next-Generation Wireless Systems

Abdul Jabbar; William Whittow

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arXiv · 2609.29868

Dynamic Metasurface Antennas: From Programmable Microwave Hardware to Next-Generation Wireless Systems

Abdul Jabbar·William Whittow

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Abstract

As wireless systems evolve toward 6G and beyond, antenna apertures are increasingly expected to become more programmable, multifunctional, and responsive to diverse communication, sensing, and imaging requirements. Dynamic metasurface antennas (DMAs) offer a promising hardware pathway toward this vision by integrating electronically addressable metamaterial elements within microwave and millimeter-wave (mmWave) radiating apertures. Unlike conventional phased arrays relying on dedicated phase-shifting networks, DMAs manipulate guided waves in microwave structures through electronically controlled resonant elements. In this way, DMAs offer phase-shifter-less beam-steering, multibeam radiation, and programmable wavefront control. This article explores state-of-the-art DMA technology from a microwave-engineering perspective, spanning guided-wave excitation, reconfigurable resonant meta-elements, microwave tuning technologies, RF-digital integration, and FPGA-controlled beamforming. Closely related electronically steered metasurface antenna architectures are also discussed within a unified microwave-hardware framework. Recent advances illustrating how guided-wave DMA hardware and high-speed electronics facilitate programmable communication, sensing, imaging, and space-time functionalities are reviewed. Key microwave design challenges toward wideband, scalable, and highly integrated DMA apertures are highlighted. Finally, emerging opportunities in satellite communications, near-field connectivity, fixed wireless access, wave-domain computing, and integrated wireless functionalities are explored as future directions for DMA technology. This article provides a unified microwave engineering perspective on the design, practical implementation, and emerging capabilities of DMAs as programmable front-ends for next-generation wireless systems.

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Abdul Jabbar, William Whittow. 2026-09-24. Dynamic Metasurface Antennas: From Programmable Microwave Hardware to Next-Generation Wireless Systems. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.29868

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