The NEID Earth Twin Survey. VI. Discovery of a Low-Mass Planet Orbiting HD 126053 and RV Signals Near the Rotation Periods of HD 168009 and HD 10780

Arvind F. Gupta; Sarah E. Logsdon; Jacob K. Luhn; Evan Fitzmaurice; Suvrath Mahadevan; Paul Robertson; Eric B. Ford; Chad F. Bender; Mark R. Giovinazzi; Samuel Halverson; Te Han; Daniel M. Krolikowski; Andrea S. J. Lin; Joe P. Ninan; Michael L. Palumbo III; Leonardo A. Paredes; Jayadev Rajagopal; Arpita Roy; Christian Schwab; Gudmundur Stefansson; Ryan C. Terrien; Jason T. Wright

arXiv · 2609.32097

The NEID Earth Twin Survey. VI. Discovery of a Low-Mass Planet Orbiting HD 126053 and RV Signals Near the Rotation Periods of HD 168009 and HD 10780

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Abstract

Extreme precision radial velocity (EPRV) spectrographs are making strides in extending the limits of radial velocity exoplanet detection. Perhaps the best evidence for this is how readily EPRV instruments are facilitating the discovery and detailed characterization of small-amplitude planetary signals around stars that have already been intensively monitored for decades with less stable instruments. In this paper, we use data from the ongoing NEID Earth Twin Survey (NETS) to detect and confirm the planet HD 126053 b (P=10.91 d), which is among the least massive planets (m sin i = 3.60 m M_\oplus) around solar-type stars within 25 pc. We then jointly characterize the known planet HD 168009 b (P=15.14 d; m sin i = 8.64 M_\oplus) orbiting a solar analog along with a previously unreported signal at 27.8 d which we tentatively attribute to rotational modulation of stellar activity (P_rot = 30.1 d). We also analyze and discuss periodic RV variations in HD 10780 arising from a combination of rotationally-modulated activity and a long-term activity cycle. We discuss HD 126053 b and HD 168009 b in the context of the broader small planet population and our sensitivity to long-period planets in these systems, and we comment on our capacity to disambiguate planet-induced and activity-induced radial velocity signals. HD 126053 is exceptionally RV-quiet, making it a promising target for continued RV monitoring in search of low-mass exoplanets in the habitable zone.

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Arvind F. Gupta, Sarah E. Logsdon, Jacob K. Luhn, Evan Fitzmaurice, Suvrath Mahadevan, Paul Robertson, Eric B. Ford, Chad F. Bender, Mark R. Giovinazzi, Samuel Halverson, Te Han, Daniel M. Krolikowski, Andrea S. J. Lin, Joe P. Ninan, Michael L. Palumbo III, Leonardo A. Paredes, Jayadev Rajagopal, Arpita Roy, Christian Schwab, Gudmundur Stefansson, Ryan C. Terrien, Jason T. Wright. 2026-09-26. The NEID Earth Twin Survey. VI. Discovery of a Low-Mass Planet Orbiting HD 126053 and RV Signals Near the Rotation Periods of HD 168009 and HD 10780. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.32097

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