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arXiv · 2609.34737

Movable Antenna-Enhanced MIMO-OFDM ISAC: Ambiguity Function Analysis, Waveform Design and Antenna Position Optimization

Tianqi Mao·Yuanshuo Gang·Guangyao Liu·Shiqi Cui·Ying Sun·Yifeng Xiong
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Abstract

Multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) provides abundant spatial and time-frequency degrees of freedom for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), while movable antennas (MAs) further introduce reconfigurable spatial freedom through array geometry adjustment. However, how the array geometry and information bearing MIMO-OFDM waveform jointly shape the three dimensional (3D) ambiguity response remains insufficiently understood, and conventional two dimensional (2D) range-Doppler metrics cannot fully characterize this coupling. This paper investigates MA-enhanced MIMO-OFDM ISAC with joint design of the transmit MA positions and symbol-level precoding (SLP) waveform. The discrete periodic angle-range-Doppler ambiguity function is first derived, and its structure is characterized in terms of waveform rank. It is proved that a rank one waveform yields a 3D ambiguity response that is separable between the angular dimension and the range-Doppler plane, whereas a higher rank waveform combines multiple spatial components with different weights across candidate angles, allowing the range-Doppler response to vary with the candidate angle and enabling the MA positions to further shape the 3D ambiguity response. Based on this analysis, a 3D integrated sidelobe level ratio (ISLR) is defined, the joint optimization of the MA positions and SLP waveform is formulated, and a penalty dual decomposition based alternating optimization algorithm is developed. For the radar-only case, the existence of at least one rank one globally optimal solution is established, enabling a lossless reduction from the original high dimensional MIMO-OFDM waveform design to a low dimensional joint design of the spatial beam and MA positions.

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Tianqi Mao, Yuanshuo Gang, Guangyao Liu, Shiqi Cui, Ying Sun, Yifeng Xiong. 2026-09-28. Movable Antenna-Enhanced MIMO-OFDM ISAC: Ambiguity Function Analysis, Waveform Design and Antenna Position Optimization. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.34737

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