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arXiv · 2609.34739

Surface Acoustic Wave-Mediated Brillouin Temperature Sensor on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate

Varun Marathan Kovil·Justus Nölkensmeier·Gladys Jara-Schulz·Pratham Kulkarni·Silia Babel·Christian Golla·Rajkumar Jadhav·Christof Eigner·Laura Padberg·Christine Silberhorn·Birgit Stiller
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Abstract

The emergence of thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) has paved the way for realizing strong Brillouin interactions in lithium niobate platforms, enabling new opportunities in integrated photonics. However, fully harnessing stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in TFLN for the plethora of Brillouin applications remains an exciting area of research, with significant opportunities for further exploration and technological advancement. Here, we present the first comprehensive experimental and numerical study of the surface acoustic wave (SAW)-mediated Brillouin temperature sensor on a TFLN-on-insulator chip. The proposed technique directly senses the surrounding environment via SAWs, providing an optical-power-efficient platform compatible with existing integrated photonic architectures. Exploiting the strong intermodal Brillouin interactions in x-cut TFLN waveguides, we report a high Brillouin gain of 24.8$ \pm $1.3\, m$^{-1}$W$^{-1}$ and a temperature coefficient of $-0.73$ $\pm$ 0.02\,MHz/$^\circ$C. Considering the anisotropic nature of lithium niobate, we investigate the temperature dependence of the Brillouin frequency for the propagation directions 0$^\circ$, 10$^\circ$, 20$^\circ$, 30$^\circ$ relative to the crystallographic y-axis.

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Varun Marathan Kovil, Justus Nölkensmeier, Gladys Jara-Schulz, Pratham Kulkarni, Silia Babel, Christian Golla, Rajkumar Jadhav, Christof Eigner, Laura Padberg, Christine Silberhorn, Birgit Stiller. 2026-09-28. Surface Acoustic Wave-Mediated Brillouin Temperature Sensor on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.34739

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