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arXiv · 2609.35608

Simultaneous Translation between Sign Languages

Zetian Wu·Bowen Xie·Stefan Lee·Liang Huang
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Abstract

Deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) signers cannot converse in real time across different sign languages today: existing sign-to-sign translation systems run offline, requiring the full source clip before any target sign is emitted. Live use cases - e.g. broadcast interpretation and two-way video calls - instead demand simultaneous output, while the source signer is still signing. We present, to our knowledge, the first simultaneous sign-to-sign (S2S) translation system, with two wait-k regimes: test-time wait-k inference applied directly to a full-sentence model, and a trained wait-k model via stochastic multi-path supervision. We further introduce ca-Stream-AL, a computation-aware latency metric for streaming output. Averaged across six S2S directions on both a smaller human-verified test set and a larger synthetic S2S corpus, our streaming system achieves a 38% ca-Stream-AL reduction while staying within a 9% DTW-PA-MPJPE increase and a 2.1 BLEU-4 drop compared to the full-sentence baseline. A word-order case study probes how the streaming model handles word order mismatch between different sign languages - a consequence of simultaneous translation.

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Zetian Wu, Bowen Xie, Stefan Lee, Liang Huang. 2026-09-28. Simultaneous Translation between Sign Languages. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.35608

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