Optimal Ground-State Preparation with a Guiding State

Abstract

Suppose a Hamiltonian $H$ has a unique ground state $|ψ_0\rangle$ with an eigenvalue $E_0$, and we have an estimate $\tilde{E}_0$ such that $|\tilde{E}_0-E_0|\leqδ$, and there is a gap of at least $3δ$ between $E_0$ and all other eigenvalues. Suppose we have a unitary $A$ available that can produce a "guiding state'" $A|0\rangle$ that has overlap at least $γ$ with $|ψ_0\rangle$. We show how to obtain an $\varepsilon$-approximation of $|ψ_0\rangle$ using $O(\log(1/\varepsilon)/γδ)$ applications of $U=e^{iH}$ and $A$, and their inverses. We give two different algorithms, one based on interleaving amplitude amplification and error-reduction in the style of [HMdW03], and one using the composition of transducers. This paper is the state-preparation follow-up to our two recent ground-state-energy estimation papers [JW26, SdW26]. Combined, our results show an optimal $O(\log(1/\varepsilon)/γδ)$ upper bound for ground state preparation.