The Lotz Property in Weakly Compactly Generated Spaces

Abstract

We study whether every infinite-dimensional weakly compactly generated (WCG) Banach space fails the Lotz property. The answer is affirmative in the nonseparable case: a classical decomposition theorem for WCG spaces provides a Schauder decomposition, and an explicit diagonal $C_0$-semigroup has an unbounded generator. The unrestricted assertion is false. Our main abstract result is a Calkin-algebra criterion: if $X$ fails the bounded compact approximation property and, for some fixed $m$, every noninvertible element of $\Cal(X)=\Lop(X)/\Kop(X)$ has $m$th power zero, then $X$ has the Lotz property. In particular, this applies when every operator is scalar-plus-strictly-singular and one fixed power of every strictly singular operator is compact. Combining this criterion with the Maurey--Pisier--Szankowski extraction theorem and constructions of Argyros and Motakis yields separable hereditarily indecomposable Lotz spaces over both scalar fields: reflexive examples, and, over the complex field, an example containing no infinite-dimensional reflexive subspace. Moreover, the ambient Argyros--Motakis spaces considered here are Lotz-saturated, although they themselves are non-Lotz. Thus every nonseparable WCG space is non-Lotz, while the separable WCG class contains both Lotz and non-Lotz spaces.