On the Compatibility of DEIM Subspaces for Nonlinear Forces Reduction in Projective Dynamics

Abstract

In physics-based simulations, the evaluation of nonlinear constraint forces represents a primary source of computational complexity. Within the framework of projective dynamics, the solver alternates between estimating these forces and updating vertex positions for the subsequent frame. This work investigates the potential of snapshot-based subspace methods to accelerate the computation of constraint terms while maintaining the fidelity of nonlinear dynamics. We focus specifically on the Discrete Empirical Interpolation Method (DEIM), examining whether it can identify a reduced set of constrained mesh elements that enable accurate interpolation and approximation of forces across the full system. Our experiments demonstrate that DEIM is neither intuitive nor consistently effective for constraint projection reduction. In particular, its performance degrades when constraints involve multiple vertices. To validate these observations, we present comparisons between full-order and reduced-order simulations on both surface meshes embedded in three dimensions and volumetric meshes. Furthermore, we report reconstruction errors for various classes of constraints, providing quantitative evidence of the method limitations in this context.