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arXiv · 2610.01117

Microscopic Insights into the Quarkyonic Hadron--Quark Crossover: Lessons from Ultracold Fermi Gases

Hiroyuki Tajima
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Abstract

In neutron-star and dense quantum chromodynamics (QCD) physics, it is important to understand how baryonic matter evolves into quark matter at high density. A continuous hadron--quark crossover is one of the most attractive candidates because it can reconcile the comparatively soft equation of state around nuclear density with the rapid stiffening required to support massive neutron stars. Recent neutron-star observations motivate equations of state that stiffen rapidly across the intermediate-density regime, while quarkyonic-matter descriptions feature a shell-like baryon momentum distribution there. In this paper, we review our recent work on the microscopic description and interpretation of these phenomena by drawing an analogy with the Bose--Einstein condensate (BEC) to Bardeen--Cooper--Schrieffer (BCS) crossover in ultracold Fermi gases and two-color QCD. As pairing fluctuations play a crucial role in the BEC--BCS crossover, we discuss the role of its three-body counterpart, that is, tripling fluctuations associated with baryon formation in the hadron--quark crossover. In terms of a phase-shift representation of tripling fluctuations, the interplay between a three-body bound-state pole and the scattering continuum suppresses low-momentum baryonic occupation, generates a baryonic momentum shell, and reduces the density susceptibility, thereby producing a peak in the speed of sound. We review the demonstration of this mechanism in a one-dimensional three-component Fermi gas, its relativistic extension, and its connection to phenomenological quarkyonic equations of state.

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Hiroyuki Tajima. 2026-10-01. Microscopic Insights into the Quarkyonic Hadron--Quark Crossover: Lessons from Ultracold Fermi Gases. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.01117

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