Paramagnon softening upon doping in oxychloride cuprate superconductors

Abstract

Understanding how magnetic excitations and exchange interactions evolve with doping is crucial for deciphering the physics that shapes the phase diagram of high-temperature cuprate superconductors. Here, we clearly determine the behavior of the paramagnon dispersion in the oxychloride cuprate Na$_{x}$Ca$_{2-x}$CuO$_2$Cl$_2$ up to the highest doping level. We find that the paramagnon bandwidth, defined by the energy at the $X$ zone boundary $(0.5,0,0)$, remains unchanged within experimental uncertainty, even though it exhibits significant broadening. In contrast, along the nodal direction $Γ-M$ (\textit{i.e.}, from $(0,0,0)$ to $(0.5,0.5,0)$), the paramagnon energy shows a marked softening with doping, with a shift of up to $ΔE\sim150$ meV at the midpoint of the zone for the highest doping, which is about half of its initial value in the antiferromagnetic phase. Calculations of the dynamical spin structure factor for a one-band Hubbard model, including hopping terms up to the third-nearest neighbor ($t^{\prime\prime}$), explain this behavior and accurately reproduce the observed wave vector dependence and directional variation in the Brillouin zone.