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arXiv · 2610.06194

A robust framework for the comprehensive characterisation of parametric down-conversion sources

Denis A. Kopylov·Michael Stefszky·Christine Silberhorn
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Abstract

Reliable verification of squeezed-light sources is essential for photonic quantum technologies. High-dimensional quantum optical networks demand single-mode, pure squeezed states which, in principle, can be generated through careful engineering of parametric down-conversion-based (PDC) sources. However, due to the imperfections of optical components, the generated state is never pure and commonly contains internal mode structure. Existing characterisation techniques, based on either joint spectral intensity or normalized second-order correlation functions, work under the assumption that the probed state is pure, and therefore can result in incomplete or misleading assessment of the source quality. Here, we develop a device-agnostic characterisation framework for PDC-based sources with distinguishable signal and idler fields. Treating the source as a black box producing a mixed multimode Gaussian state, we find a lower bound for the state purity, which can be experimentally determined via mode-unresolved measurements. Our approach enables a holistic assessment of realistic squeezed-light source quality without requiring a detailed model of the nonlinear device and its surrounding optical network, providing practical benchmarks for optimizing sources for state-of-the-art quantum applications.

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Denis A. Kopylov, Michael Stefszky, Christine Silberhorn. 2026-10-05. A robust framework for the comprehensive characterisation of parametric down-conversion sources. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.06194

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