Equational Theories of Interval Semirings of Posets

Abstract

We study the equational theory and subvariety structure of the ai-semiring variety $\V_\infty$ generated by all flat semirings $S(a_1\cdots a_k)$, where the letters \(a_i\) are pairwise distinct. Using interval semirings of posets, we characterize its subdirectly irreducible members and describe variety membership in terms of jointly separating families of strict order-preserving maps. We obtain explicit finite identity bases for \(\V_\infty\) and each $\V_k$ generated by $S(a_1\cdots a_k)$. Consequently, every flat semiring \(S(W)\) associated with a nonempty set \(W\) of linear words is finitely based. This yields finitely based ai-semirings with exactly \(k\)-nilpotent multiplicative reduct for each \(k\geq 1\). For each \(k\geq 1\), let \(\B_k\) be the subvariety of \(\V_\infty\) defined by the \((k+1)\)-nilpotent identity. We prove that each \(\B_k\) is generated by a finite interval semiring and that every proper subvariety of \(\V_\infty\) is contained in some \(\B_k\). The variety \(\B_3\) is a Cross variety with exactly \(11\) subvarieties, whereas \([\V_k,\B_k]\), \([\V_k,\V_{k+1}]\), and \([\B_{k-1},\B_k]\) each contain continuum many subvarieties for every $k\geq 4$. In particular, this provides infinitely many finitely based finite semirings $S(a_1\cdots a_k)$ whose generated variety has continuum many subvarieties for every \(k\geq 5\).