Neural Correlation Learning for Quantum-Enhanced Sensing with Time-Independently Driven Rydberg Atom Arrays

Abstract

Quantum-enhanced sensing typically relies on preparing specific entangled states. However, engineering these states in scalable many-body systems remains challenging due to the difficulty of designing robust preparation protocols and accounting for realistic noise. We show that evolving a simple product state under native time-independent Hamiltonian dynamics in Rydberg atom arrays generates complex many-body correlations that can potentially enable quantum-enhanced parameter estimation reaching the Heisenberg limit (HL). The key challenge is then shifted to extracting the metrological information encoded in spatial correlations of measurement patterns. We introduce a neural correlation learning framework that combines Bayesian inference with neural networks trained on calibration data. Operating in a two-stage calibration-and-sensing protocol, we numerically demonstrate that this framework effectively extracts many-body correlations to saturate the Cramér--Rao bound dictated by the classical Fisher information. Consequently, it achieves quantum-enhanced sensitivity surpassing the standard quantum limit (SQL). Furthermore, the learned estimator is robust to realistic noise, and remains accurate in the absence of rare measurement patterns. Our results establish a hardware-efficient and scalable paradigm for quantum sensing in interacting many-body systems without requiring engineered entangled states.