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arXiv · 2610.07402

Rethinking Semantic ID Construction for Generative Recommendation: SimHash with Parallel Decoding and Semantic Alignment

Yuqing Liu·Huiyuan Chen·Yibo Wang·Wooseong Yang·Philip S. Yu
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Abstract

Semantic ID-based generative recommendation represents each item as a sequence of discrete tokens, enabling structured modeling of item semantics. A critical challenge is constructing semantic IDs that are both semantically expressive and computationally efficient. While recent approaches favor complex learned quantization, simple hashing-based methods such as SimHash are widely regarded as fundamentally inferior. In this work, we challenge this consensus by showing that the apparent performance gap does not stem from inherent limitations of hashing, but rather from a structural mismatch with autoregressive decoding, coupled with the inevitable information loss during rigid discretization. Based on this insight, we propose FLASH, a two-stage framework that revitalizes training-free SimHash tokenization through parallel decoding and explicit semantic alignment. Despite its simplicity, FLASH achieves state-of-the-art performance across multiple datasets without requiring any tokenizer training, while exhibiting stronger generalization in cold-start scenarios. Notably, we demonstrate that semantic alignment acts as a universally effective mechanism across diverse paradigms. Our findings suggest that, with compatible decoding and semantic grounding, simple and efficient tokenizers can achieve performance comparable to complex learned counterparts in generative recommendation. Our code is available at https://github.com/KevinC2015/Flash.

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Yuqing Liu, Huiyuan Chen, Yibo Wang, Wooseong Yang, Philip S. Yu. 2026-10-05. Rethinking Semantic ID Construction for Generative Recommendation: SimHash with Parallel Decoding and Semantic Alignment. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.07402

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