arXiv · 2610.07422
White paper: 1-10 Hz matter-wave interferometer to test the spin entanglement witness for quantum gravity
Abstract
In this white paper, we highlight the importance of the ($1-10~{\rm Hz}$) frequency range for laboratory tests of the quantum nature of gravity using the quantum gravity-induced entanglement of masses (QGEM) protocol. QGEM requires matter-wave interferometers with masses ($m\sim10^{-15}-10^{-14}~{\rm kg}$), brought within separations ($d\sim30-50~μ{\rm m}$), while maintaining spatial superpositions of ($1-20~μ{\rm m}$) and coherence for ($τ\sim 0.1 - 1~{\rm s}$). These requirements make low-frequency environmental noise a central experimental challenge and place QGEM in a regime closely related to the low-frequency goals of the Einstein Telescope (ET) and the Cosmic Explorer (CE). In particular, QGEM is sensitive to relative acceleration noise (RAN) and to gravity-gradient noise (GGN) generated by seismic and other environmental mass-density fluctuations. For representative parameters $m=10^{-14}~{\rm kg}$, $Δx=10~μ{\rm m}$, and $τ=1~{\rm s}$, the differential acceleration-noise amplitude spectral density must be suppressed well below the $10^{-15}~{\rm m\,s^{-2}/\sqrt{Hz}}$ level to keep acceleration-induced dephasing below the relevant experimental scale. Achieving this level of low-frequency noise suppression is therefore a key requirement for QGEM and closely parallels the seismic and gravity-gradient noise challenges that ET and CE address.
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